Yu Garden

　　Yu Garden, located in No.168 Fuyou Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, was founded in the Ming Dynasty Jiajing, Wanli years, has a history of more than 450 years, covers an area of more than 30 acres, and Lu Xiang Garden, Nisshin Garden together known as the "Ming Dynasty Shanghai three famous gardens", listed in the existing Shanghai five classical garden first, for the national AAAA level tourist attractions.

　　First, Basic introduction

　　Yu Garden is located in the northeast of the Old City of Shanghai, near Fuyou Road to the north, Anren Street to the east, and the Old City God Temple and Yu Garden Mall to the southwest. It is the only Ming Dynasty garden left in the old town. The pavilions in the garden are jagged, the rocks are lofty, and the lake is full of water. It has the reputation of "Qixiu Jiangnan". Yu Garden was founded in the Ming Jiajing years, the original Pan family private garden. Yu Garden was founded in 1559 and has a history of more than 400 years. It was originally a private garden in the Ming Dynasty, covering an area of more than 30 mu. There are more than 40 ancient buildings in the park, such as Sansui Hall, big fake rockery, iron Lion, Fast Building, Moon Building, jade Linglong, jade water gallery, listening to Tao Pavilion, Hanbi Building, Inner Garden Jingguan Hall, ancient opera stage and rockery, pond, etc., with exquisite design and delicate layout, it is known for quiet and beautiful, exquisite and exquisite, with the characteristics of small to see big. Reflecting the style of Jiangnan garden architecture art in Ming dynasty, it is a pearl in Jiangnan classical garden. Yu Garden is one of the "four major cultural markets in China", as well as Panjiayuan in Beijing, Liuglass Factory and Fuzi Temple in Nanjing.

　　At the end of the Qing Dynasty, during the uprising of the Small Knife Association, it used the Dianchun Hall in the garden as the headquarters in the north of the city. Yu Garden after the rise of waste, increasingly desolate. After liberation, the people's government carried out large-scale repairs to Yu Garden, and most of the landscape was restored in that year. The whole park can be divided into four scenic spots. Yu Garden also collects hundreds of tablets and inscriptions in the past dynasties, most of which are written by famous artists. Yu Garden was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 1959, Yu Garden began to open to the public in 1961, and was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by The State Council in February 1982. Tourist attractions such as City God Temple and Shop Street are also located next to Yu Garden, and there are many famous restaurants nearby, including Nanxiang Bakery famous for Xiaolongbao, Green Wave Gallery and Shanghai Old Hotel (restaurant and accommodation).

　　Second, Historical tracing

　　The master of Yu Garden Pan Yunduan is the son of Pan En, the Shang Shu of the Ming Ministry of Punishment. In the 38th year of the Ming Dynasty Jiajing (1559), Pan Yunduan failed to pass the entrance examination of the Rites Department, and spelt the idea of building a garden. In the northwest corner of the City God Temple in Shanghai (Wutong Road, Ma Yuan Lane, east of Anren Street), the large vegetable plot of the family house Shichun Hall west of the garden "slightly gathered stone and carved pool, constructing pavilion art bamboo" began to build a garden. Jiajing forty-one years, Pan Yunduan out of the field, no time to take into account the garden, its "Yu Garden record" said: "Hang twenty years, repeatedly stop, no results."

　　In the fifth year of Wanli (1577), Pan Yunduan returned home from the dismissal of the Chief secretary of Sichuan, and concentrated on the expansion and repair of this garden again, "every year of cultivation, all for the management of the capital", and hired the horticulturist Zhang Nanyang as the design and stack of mountains. Since then, the garden has become bigger and bigger, and the pool has become wider and wider. Wanli was completed in the end of the year, with a total area of more than 70 mu. The whole garden is full of pavilions and pavilions, winding paths and galleries around each other, strange peaks and stones stand out, pools and streams and ancient flowers and trees are hidden, the scale is magnificent and the scenery is beautiful.

　　In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, there were more than thousands of private gardens near Shanghai, and Yuyuan Garden "has the beauty of mountains and valleys, caves and valleys, and the fun of rivers and islands." Its scenery, layout and scale are comparable to that of the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and the Taicang Yanshan Garden, and it is widely recognized as the "crown of famous gardens in Southeast China".

　　Pan Yunduan noted in the "Yu Garden Record" that "the plaque says' Yu Garden ', and takes pleasure in old relatives." "Yu" means "Antai" and "peace". It shows that Pan Yunduan built the garden for the purpose of letting his parents spend their old age in the garden. However, due to the long delay, Pan En died when the garden was just completed, and Yu Garden actually became a place for Pan Yunduan to retire and enjoy himself.

　　Today, Yu Garden covers an area of more than 30 mu, the initial scale has been largely restored, pavilions, rockery water pavilions, ancient trees and famous flowers, the layout is good, the density is proper, better than that year. Yu Garden was officially opened to the public after its restoration. For more than 30 years, it has attracted numerous visitors from home and abroad with its beautiful scenery and numerous cultural relics. In the early 1960s, Chen Yun, Lu Dingyi, Guo Moruo, Xie Juzai and other national leaders came to visit the garden one after another, and some left ink treasures, which became precious cultural relics. In the 1980s, an increasing number of foreign leaders visited the garden. For more than 10 years, Yu Garden has received heads of state and government from dozens of countries around the world.

　　Three, Cultural relics value

　　Many brick carvings, stone carvings, clay sculptures and wood carvings scattered in Yu Garden not only have a long history, but also are very delicate. "Fairy Picture", "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea", "Moon Palace", "Guo Ziyi on the longevity picture", "Plum wife and crane son", "Shangjing Examination", "Lianzhong Sanyuan" and other great cultural relics and ornamental value.

　　As the carrier of Chinese traditional culture, Yu Garden has been associated with painting and calligraphy since its foundation. The famous calligraphers and painters of Ming Dynasty, such as Wang Zhideng, Dong Qichang, Wang Shizhen and Mo Shilong, had written poems and painted pictures in Yu Garden. In the first year of Xuantong (1909), Gao Yong, Yang Yi, Qian Hui 'an, Wu Changshuo, Wang Yiting, etc. organized the "Yu Garden Painting and Calligraphy Association" in Deyue Building, which became the beginning of the sea painting school. After years of accumulation, Yu Garden now treasures thousands of precious cultural relics such as paintings, paintings, furniture and ceramics.

　　The inscription stone carved with Huangshan Shiller stands in the gate of Yu Garden and becomes one of the most beautiful scenery lines in Yu Garden.

　　Four, the main points

　　(1) The western scenic area

　　1. Mihodo

　　Located at the main gate of Yu Garden, it was built in the 25th year of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1760). Originally called Le Shou Hall, it was recruited as the office of Shanghai County government in the early Qing Dynasty, and rebuilt as Sansui Hall when rebuilding the West Garden. It means "three ears of grass is a sign of good harvest." There are 5 halls and spacious buildings. In the middle of the hall, there are plaques of "City Mountain Forest" and "Lingtai Jingshi". Under the plaque is the "Yu Garden Record" written by contemporary calligrapher Pan Boying and master Pan Yunduan. On the fan are carved ears of rice, millet, wheat seedlings and melons. Sansui Hall south of the lake, in front of the hall cypress plant, the landscape is quite wide, "the center of the lake has a pavilion, he is floating on the water, the east and west to build stone beams, nine to reach the shore." Sansui Hall in the middle of the Qing Dynasty for the soybean and rice industry office to discuss, set the standard Dendrobium, also known as "more Dendrobium"; It was also the place where the government summoned the township gentry and businessmen to preach the emperor's edict, and it was the place of political and economic activities of the wealthy gentlemen in Shanghai at that time. Sansui Hall South Lotus pond, Fu Yi Pavilion, Green wave corridor, Hao Happy boat, Crane leisure Pavilion, Qingfen Hall, Ning Hui Pavilion and so on become the scenic spots outside Yu Garden.

　　2. Yangshan Hall and Rolling Rain Tower

　　It is located after the Sansui Hall and looks across the pond from the big rockery. Qing Tongzhi five years (1866) built. The ground floor is called Yangshan Hall, and the upper floor is the winding rain Tower. Yangshan Hall a total of 5 columns, after the corridor, curved sill pond, can rest. Look at the big fake mountain view, the reflection in the pool can be seen. In the hall, there are "mountains and mountains" plaque, which says that here is the best place to watch the rockery scenery, the rain floor for the zigzag floor, take Tang poetry "beads curtain at the end of the rain in the west mountain rain", the meaning of climbing in the rain, the smoke is misty, the mountain light is vague, as if the body into the rain mountain valley, for the Yu Garden.

　　3. Rockery and pavilions

　　Large rockery by the Ming Dynasty Jiangnan stone stack famous Zhang Nanyang design and construction, about 4 zhangs high, with thousands of tons of Wokang Yellowstone piled. Rockery peaks undulating, rung road sinqu, ravine deep, clear spring if note. The flowers and trees on the mountain are verdant, surrounded by a pool of water. When visitors come, it is quite interesting to be in the mountains. Wang Tao, a famous man in the late Qing Dynasty, once described: "The great peaks accumulating and facing, heavy mountains overlapping, for the West garden." It is embroidered with shining tiles, flat as a whetstone; Left and right settle road, line twists and turns to go, or stone wall, or stone pool bets, and occasionally the entrance contains aya, and occasionally Potuo abrupt, Zhi its top sight and a few miles away. Follow the path and turn a border, then thousands of weeping willows, flat pool ten hectares, cross slightly about, slanting pavilion, setting the scene is quiet, like a different day. Here you feel the city and the forest, and the dust barrier is one of the empty." For more than 400 years, the scenery of Yu Garden has become obsolete, while the large rockery still maintains its old view. There are two pavilions on the big rockery, one is at the foot of the mountain, and it is called "Pavilion of beauty", which means that it can get a beautiful view of the park. One on the top of the mountain, called "Wangjiang Pavilion", meaning to set this pavilion "see Huangpu Wusong are under the foot." The sail cloud tree is dozens of miles away." In the past Chongyang Festival, visitors came here to climb the height and look far away, and the masts on the Pujiang River are vividly remembered.

　　4. Yuan Dynasty Iron Lion

　　At the entrance to the east gallery of Yangshan Hall, there are a pair of iron lions with vivid gestures and exquisite casting. Each of the names on the seat: "Zhang De Fu Tongshan town craftsman Zhao Zhang", "Big Yuan country to yuan 29 years old Geng Yin October 28". Iron lion was originally located in Anyang County Hall, Henan Province, was transported to Japan by the Japanese army, returned to China after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, long-term storage in the warehouse, when the garden was moved here. Gradually into the beautiful scene is the lion gallery around the wall into the gallery, for the passage into the big rockery, across the pool. There is a square pavilion between the corridors, with a plaque saying "gradually entering the best scenery". There is a Taihu stone under the plaque, which looks like a beautiful woman's waist and is called "beauty waist". Chishui mountain view, close at hand, has aroused visitors to walk.

　　5. Choy Show Hall

　　It is located under the northeast cliff of big rockery. It was built in the 25th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1760) and completed in the 35th year of Qianlong. Jiaqing 18th year (1813) from the west garden temple property to the cake and bean industry office, and after large-scale repair, the architectural structure of the essence, quiet and clean. Surrounded by walls, the front of the church is covered with mountains and trees.

　　6. Also Boat

　　Outside the east wall of the Cuixiu Hall, commonly known as the ship Hall. After the Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan gardens often built stone boats near the water to enjoy the moon, and directly built boats on the land are rare. This system was added later.

　　The ruins of the Flower God Pavilion in Wanhua Lou, called "Wanhua Deep" after the reconstruction of the West Garden, is one of the scenic spots in the West Garden. Qing Daoguang 23 years (1843) for the reconstruction of the cake and bean industry office, after the addition of the Gus Hall (long ago demolished), only the first floor. At that time, it was mainly used for sacrificial activities and trade discussions, and it was named "Shenchi Hall" because people and gods were only a few feet apart, and the name "Wanhua Lou" was restored after 1950.

　　7. Fish Pavilion

　　Straddling the stream, beside the mountain and the water, you can watch the fish swimming in the water. A pile of water barrier wall is built on the stream, the wall has a leak window, and the wall has a half tunnel door, and the water flows through the tunnel door. Here the use of the garden to extend the space of the ingenious techniques, visitors to this point, have no idea where is the end of the meaning.

　　There is a wisteria next to the fish music hall that has spent more than three hundred spring and autumn years. The old branches are Qiu Qiu and vigorous. Every year in early spring, the branches are full of small white flowers.

　　8. Double porch

　　Fish music pavilion east has a roundback promenade, said the complex corridor. A square pavilion was built in the middle, and the plaque said, "The heart is not far." This meaning comes from "the new language of the world" : "the heart does not have to be far away, Yishan forest, there will be a thought between the Haopu, feel birds and animals birds and fish come from their relatives." The eastern section of the double corridor is divided into two walls. There are window holes on the wall, from the window holes left view of the floor, right view of the stream peak stone, like a sketch picture, originality.

　　9. Liang Yi Xuan

　　Located on the south side of the complex corridor, facing the mountain and the water, there is the ancient "view the mountain and view the water two suitable" taste.

　　10. Point Spring Hall and Peace Hall

　　Dianchun Hall was built in the early Qing Daoguang year (1820) for Fujian flower and sugar merchants to use as a public office, a total of 5. Hall painting building carved beams, magnificent and delicate, doors and Windows on the fan carved opera characters, lifelike. The Tang's name is the meaning of the Song Dynasty poet Su Dongpo's words "green point spring Yan". In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Chen Alin, the leader of the Small Sword Association, set up the north headquarters here. It is now the only remaining site of the Xiaodaohui Uprising. The hall displays artifacts such as weapons used in the Xiaodaohui Uprising, self-made sun and moon money, and published bulletins. The hall faces a small stage, engraved with gold and wrong colors, exquisite style, named "Fengwu Luan Yin", commonly known as the singing stage, is the place where the flower sugar industry banquet was sung and offered. There is a small rockery in the southeast of the singing platform, and the water flows out from the stone sinus under the rockery and forms a small pool. Half of the stage is in the pool, which is very elegant. Point spring hall after the sill, can be sill watching fish, there is a plaque "Feifei Yue Yue", the font elegant and free. He Xu Hall in the south of the singing platform, facing the mountain back water, open all around, cool summer and warm winter, so named "He Xu". Behind the pool there is a rockery, there is a hole at the foot of the mountain, the flowing water; On the hill, there is a square Xiaoxuan, named "learning nursery". The Octagonal Pavilion is facing the separate pool of the Xuepu. There is an ancient well in the pavilion. The well column is a thing of the Ming Dynasty and is called "Ancient well Pavilion". Hexu Hall and point spring Hall on the eastern rockery there is a cloud rock, water stone curling, deep cave. There are small buildings on the Baoyun rock, the upper and lower two floors, the upper name is "fast floor", the lower level is called "Yanshuang Pavilion". Ascending Kuailou can overlook the panorama of the big rockery and Yu Garden in the west. Yanshuang Pavilion painting building hanging eaves, exquisite scattered. There are treasure buildings in the north of the point Spring Hall, 5 on each side. East Jing Yi Xuan, listening bird pavilion. According to the Republic of China "Shanghai County continued to record", when the initial construction of Dianchun Hall near the fish rock, water God Pavilion, a smile Xuan, Zhuangle Pavilion and other scenery, has long been destroyed.

　　(2) The eastern scenic area

　　1. Jade exquisite, jade hall

　　Jade Linglong is one of the three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River, about 1 zhang high, exquisite, porous body, with the beauty of wrinkle leakage thin through, for the stone a product. The ancients once said, "With a furnace incense stone bottom, hole smoke out; With a bowl of water to fill the stone top, hole hole spring flow." Yuhua Hall was originally Pan Yunduan's study room, rebuilt during the Qing Daoguang period and renamed Xiangxue Hall. Eighty-three Songhu was blown up by Japanese aircraft during the Anti-Japanese War. It was rebuilt in 1959 and is still known as Yuhua Hall. The hall is now arranged according to the literati study, displaying precious furniture such as red sandalwood painting cases in the Ming Dynasty.

　　2. Jade water corridor, jade peak

　　The jade water corridor leans against the east wall of Yu Garden, Linquchi, and the jade peak stands between the corridors. The exquisite jade peak was originally in the garden and moved to Yu Garden in 1956. Pond west and before and after jade Huatang, water 潆洄, mountain sagging, flowers and trees, planting magnolia, white bark pine, bamboo, quiet and elegant.

　　3. Hui Jing Building, Nine Lion Xuan

　　Huijing Building is located in the center of Yu Garden, and it is named "Huijing Building". Nine lion Xuan in the northwest of Huijinglou, in 1959, when the Yu Garden was rebuilt, the houses were demolished, the pool was chiselled, and the pool was built north of the xuan, named "Nine Lion Xuan". Xuan front platform, you can visit the fence to appreciate the lotus in the pool.

　　(3) Central scenic spot

　　The central scenic spot has the moon floor, the moon floor is located in the jade Huatang, the jade Linglong west, the two face water. Built in the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760), it was rebuilt in the 18th year of Guangxu (1890), and it was named after the meaning of "near the water tower is the first to get the moon". The moon building is a two-storey building with exquisite architecture, painted beams and caicaidong, repaired corridors and bars, gorgeous and quiet. In front of the building, there is a plaque of "Bright moon for a thousand Li". When the bright moon is in the sky, you can look down on the lake Pavilion and the moonlight on the Jiuqu Bridge.

　　It's interesting. Wang Cui, a Shanghai native in the Qing Dynasty 龠, described the moon building in a joint phrase "local scenery, the old moonlight", which is intriguing. Qi algae hall is located in the downstairs of the month, with the name of "water waves such as Qi, algae color." The decoration in the hall is beautiful and unique. Under the eaves of the hall, there are 100 wooden carvings of "longevity" in different characters, known as "hundred longevity picture", which is rich in national characteristics. The day before the well, like a square teapot, there is a plaque: "human environment pot sky". On the left wall is a brick carving of the Qing Dynasty's "Moon Palace".

　　1. Weaving pavilion

　　It is located in the middle of the west corridor between Qi Zao Tang and Lotus House, facing the lake Pavilion and the nine-Ququ Bridge, and facing back to the Wulao Peak and the Moon House brick carving. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the Cloth Industry Office was built in memory of the ancient textile expert Huang Daopo. A surname Fans and corridors separated, The fan-skirt board is engraved with "farming and weaving".

　　2. Huanyun Rockery

　　Located in the north of Deyue Tower, it was built with Taihu stones when Yu Garden was rebuilt in 1986. The mountain has a flow stone path, zigzagging up the mountain. There is a clear spring in the cave, and the moon floor can faintly hear the sound of the spring. Chen Congzhou identified "Huan Yun".

　　3. Library

　　Also known as the painting and calligraphy building, located opposite the moon building, built in the Qing Guangxu years, the end of the Qing Dynasty had.